Types and Treatment of Carcinoma Cancer

Carcinoma is cancer that develops from skin tissue or tissue making up organ walls. There are various types of carcinomas with different symptoms. What are the types and how are they handled? Check out the following explanation. Carcinoma arises when cells making up the body's walls have damaged or mutated DNA. DNA mutations will cause cells to grow and develop uncontrollably.

What are the types of carcinomas?

Carcinoma is a type of cancer that can attack any body tissue, including skin, breast, lung, and digestive system. Some types of carcinomas that you may often hear include:

Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma is a type of carcinoma that grows and develops on skin that is often exposed to sunlight. The signs can be red blotches, open sores, and shiny pink bumps on the skin. A number of factors can increase a person's risk of developing basal cell carcinoma, such as being white, suffering from autoimmune disease, having many moles on the body, having a weak immune system, and being exposed to radiation.

Squamous cell carcinoma

This type of carcinoma also often occurs on the skin and can spread to other tissues, such as bones and lymph nodes. Squamous cell carcinoma that occurs in the skin is characterized by the appearance of moles, bumps or red patches that bleed easily when scratched. If it is large, the lump or mole can feel itchy and painful.

Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma is a type of carcinoma that grows and develops in various organs of the body, especially those that have glands in them, such as the breast, lungs, esophagus, colon, pancreas, prostate. Due to the variety of organs that can experience adenocarcinoma, the symptoms that appear are also different. If adenocarcinoma occurs in the breast, the sufferer can feel a lump that enlarges very quickly accompanied by symptoms of malignancy, such as changes in breast size, as well as discharge and blood from the breast.

Renal cell carcinoma

As the name implies, this carcinoma involves kidney cells that grow and develop uncontrollably. Some symptoms that can arise are the presence of blood in the urine (hematuria), the growth of a mass or lump in the kidney. The presence of kidney carcinoma is often known when someone underwent a CT scan or ultrasound. Sometimes, kidney cell carcinoma is only detected when its size is very large, even when the cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

Ductal carcinoma in situ is a type of carcinoma that attacks the duct (channel) of the breast. Carcinomas are usually not invasive, but can develop into invasive. Usually, DCIS carcinoma does not cause symptoms and can only be detected by mammogram examination. The chances of recovery will be greater if this condition is detected early.

Invasive ductal carcinoma

This carcinoma grows in the ducts (ducts) of the breast and spreads to the tissues around the breasts. After that, the cancer will spread to other parts of the body. The characteristics that can be seen in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma are swelling and pain in the breast, nipples that protrude in, pain in the nipples and breasts, changes in breast size, even lumps can be found in the armpits.

Carcinoma treatment

Treatment and treatment of carcinoma will depend on the location, and how the spread of cancer cells. To determine whether a person has carcinoma and how widespread it will be carried out a series of tests ranging from biopsy, CT scan, X-ray, MRI, and cystoscopy. There are several treatment options that will be recommended by the doctor, when someone has carcinoma, namely:
  • Chemotherapy, which is a therapy to kill cancer cells using certain drugs, such as cisplatin and
  • Radiotherapy, which is therapy using X-ray radiation to kill cancer cells.
  • Surgery, which is surgery to remove cancer cells.
  • Immunotherapy, which is a therapy to help the immune system fight cancer cells.
  • Hormone therapy, which is a therapy that aims to slow down or stop the growth of cancer cells by using artificial hormones.
The treatment options above will depend on the type and stage of carcinoma that is experienced. Immediately consult a doctor if you have symptoms of carcinoma so that treatment can be done immediately. Again, the sooner the carcinoma is detected and treated, the greater the chance for recovery.

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